Course Contents
Module 1 - Introduction to Natural Gas and LNG
Key Topics
- Increasing roles of LNG in the energy mix
- Natural gas and LNG: Their composition, properties and characteristics
- Terminology: NGL, LNG, LPG, CNG, Rich Gas, Sour Gas, etc.
- Economics of scale: LNG vs pipeline
- LNG Value Chain
Module 2 - LNG Plant & Operations
Key Topics
- History and invention of gas liquefaction and refrigeration
- Gas treatment/ purification
- H2S pre-removal
- Condensate separations (flash drums)
- Removal of water particles
- Removal of CO2
- Removal of Hg (mercury)
- Separations of heavy hydrocarbon (fractionation)
- Gas liquefaction (exchanger)
- LNG storage: Its structure and operations
- Tank containment system
- Storage tank dynamics and BOG
- BOG treatment
- LNG “maturity”
Module 3 - LNG Measurement
Key Topics
- A Brief Overview of Custody Transfer Measurement
- Cargo witnessing (FOB, DES)
- Custody Transfer Measurement System (CTMS)
- Custody Transfer Measurement System (CTMS) calibration
- Correlation Tests (Why, when)
Module 4 - LNG Shipping
Key Topics
- Types of LNG ships (Moss spherical, membranes, prismatic, pressured, etc.)
- LNG fleet evolution
- Involvement of Costs
- Cool down process
- Dry dock procedures
- Processing objectives
- Ship compatibility, shore interface & meeting
Module 5 - Regasification
Key Topics
- Regasification facilities and process
- Main components and process/operations description
- Gas inter-changeability issues
- Quality adjustment (N2 injection, C3, C4 spiking)
- Buyer issues
- Safety, environmental and permitting issues and public pressures
- Seasonality issues, domestic and commercial users
Module 6 - LNG Projects
Key Topics
- Structure of an LNG Project
- Capital costs and economies of scale
- Evolution of train sizes
- Lead and construction times
- Financing LNG projects
Module 7 - LNG SPA (Sales & Purchase Agreement)
Key Topics
- Contract anatomy
- Key terms and structures
- Contract Price: How they are developed and managed, and how price reviews work.
- Other important clauses

