IN08
Course Contents
Module 1: Instrumentation Principles, Specifications and Drawings
- Principles of accurate, repeatable process measurement
- Technical terminology: accuracy, precision, hysteresis, repeatability and linearity
- Interpreting Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) and instrument loop sheets
- Standard instrument signals: 4-20mA, digital protocols and wireless networks
- Instrument tagging, documentation systems and datasheets
- Hazardous area classification basics, intrinsic safety and flameproof protections
- Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and the role of critical loops
Module 2: Pressure, Level and Temperature Measurement Loops
- Pressure elements: Bourdon tubes, bellows, diaphragms and electronic sensors
- Level measurement: DP transmitters, radar, ultrasonic, nucleonic and displacer options
- Temperature sensors: Thermocouples, Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) and thermowells
- Installation best practices, impulse line layout and response-time considerations
- Common errors in pressure, level and temperature loops
- Application-based instrument selection exercises
Module 3: Flow and Analytical Measurement Techniques
- Flow fundamentals: mass, volume, density and velocity
- DP flowmeters, orifice plates, Venturi tubes and nozzles
- Magnetic, vortex, ultrasonic and Coriolis flowmeters
- Flowmeter selection, rangeability and installation requirements
- Process analysers: pH, conductivity, oxygen and gas detection
- Sample systems, analyser validation and response delays
- Diagnosing unstable, biased and inconsistent measurements
Module 4: Calibration, Verification and Documentation
- Calibration, adjustment, verification and functional testing
- Traceability, reference standards and uncertainty awareness
- As-found and as-left data and tolerance evaluation
- Bench and field calibration of transmitters and switches
- Loop calibration from sensor to control system indication
- Smart instrument configuration and digital communication
- Calibration intervals, records and instrument history
Module 5: Instrument Loop Troubleshooting and Fault Diagnosis
- Safe isolation, permits and pre-job risk controls
- Reading loop drawings and defining expected behaviour
- Fault isolation across sensor, wiring, I/O and control system
- Detecting drift, noise, grounding and power supply problems
- Troubleshooting control valves, positioners and final elements
- Root cause analysis and repeat-failure prevention
- Case exercises: diagnose, correct and document loop faults
