OG90
Course Contents
Module 1 - Waterflood Overview and Reservoir Property Effects
Key Topics
- Waterflood overview:
- Define waterflooding
- Describe how it works
- Explain why waterflooding is applied to some reservoirs
- Explain the differences between patterns
- Describe other ways of typing waterfloods
- Describe how to measure the success of a waterflood
- Main surveillance and data sources quality check
- Waterflood Reservoir Property Effects:
- Petroleum resources classification
- The Effects of:
- Rock properties on waterflood performance
- Fluid properties on waterflood performance
- Relative permeability and wettability on waterflood performance
- Capillary pressure on waterflood performance
- Pattern size and shape on waterflood performance
Module 2 - Waterflood Reservoir Heterogeneity Effects and Forecasting Overview
Key Topics
- Waterflood Reservoir Heterogeneity Effects
- Reservoir geology importance to waterflooding
- Shale continuity criticality to predicting waterflood performance
- Dipping reservoir behavior under waterflooding
- Reservoir anisotropy control for waterflood performance
- Reservoir continuity impact on predicting waterflood performance
- Natural and hydraulic fractures affect on waterflood performance
- Reservoir heterogeneity measurement techniques
- Waterflood Forecasting Overview
- Multiple statistical, and analytical, methods of predicting waterflood performance.
- 3D Simulation and streamlines simulation “Waterflood Problem Case Study” methods of predicting waterflood performance.
- Strengths and weaknesses of prediction methods.
Module 3 - Waterflood Analytical Forecasting and Surveillance
Key Topics
- Waterflood Analytical Forecasting
- A deep dive into a selection of the most popular analytical waterflood models
- Predict waterflood performance using the Buckley‐Leverett Method, Craig‐Geffen‐Morse Method, the Stiles Method.
- Waterflood Surveillance
- Voidage Replacement Ratio
- Monitoring the performance of an injection well, a producing well, and a pattern.
- Ways to measure the connectivity between injectors and producers
- 4D seismic
- Geochemistry analysis
- Chemistry issues
Module 4 – Producing vs. Injecting Wells and Water Sources
Key Topics
- Producing vs. Injecting Wells
- Performance of injection wells using analytical and numerical methods
- Advantages of modeling producing wells together with injection wells
- Injection above and below the oil‐water contact
- Compare injection (above and below the bubble point) (through vertical and horizontal wells) (through hydraulically fractured wells)
- Discuss the merits of partial perforation vs. full perforation
- Explore perforation strategy differences between injection and producing wells
- Methods of water shut‐off in both injection and producing wells
- Artificial lift methods for producing high water‐cut wells
- Advantages and disadvantages of Matrix vs fracture injection
- Calculate the optimal ratio of producing to injecting wells for a waterflood
- Waterflood Water Sources
- Sources of water
- Main properties of the water source
- Impurities removal from injection water
- Materials added to injection water
Module 5 - Waterflood Optimization and Planning
Key Topics
- Waterflood Planning
- List the kind of data needed to plan a waterflood
- Common negative factors
- Waterflooding candidate selection
- Choices to be considered in creating a robust waterflood design
- FDP and Waterflood design document over the life of the flood
- Waterflood Pilots “Case Study”
- Waterflood Optimization
- Measuring deviations from expectations
- Water injectivity
- Revisiting design assumptions
- Deploying new technology intelligently
- Moving from secondary to tertiary.
- Waterflooding operation efficiency “Case Study”
- LoSal and bright water Fundamentals, Mechanisms, Coreflood experiments, SWCTT.
- Waterflooding Petroleum Economics.